By: Naina Samson
As the world observes the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence, it is imperative to shed light on another pressing issue that disproportionately impacts women, girls, and marginalized communities in Pakistan: the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
According to UNAIDS, approximately 290,000 people in Pakistan are living with HIV, with a prevalence rate of 0.2% among adults aged 15–49. The virus is primarily transmitted through specific activities involving the exchange of body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk, and organ transplants. Unprotected sexual activity and the sharing of needles remain the most common transmission methods.
While advancements in HIV treatment have reduced risks significantly, the situation remains dire in regions with limited access to healthcare. Rigorous blood screening has made transmission through transfusions rare in many parts of the world, but in Pakistan, inadequate screening practices pose a persistent threat. Vulnerable groups, including people who inject drugs, transgender sex workers, and male sex workers, face severe barriers to accessing healthcare due to stigma, discrimination, and resource shortages.
Healthcare workers, too, are at risk through occupational hazards such as needlestick injuries, though the risk is relatively low.
Understanding HIV/AIDS Progression:
Early Stage (Acute HIV Infection): Symptoms such as fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and mouth ulcers typically appear 2–4 weeks after infection.
Chronic HIV Infection (Clinical Latency): Often symptomless, the virus remains active but reproduces at very low levels. This stage can last for years without treatment.
Symptomatic HIV Infection: Signs include mild infections, recurring fever, fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss, thrush, shingles, and pneumonia as the immune system weakens.
AIDS (Stage 4): The immune system suffers severe damage, leading to opportunistic infections and cancers. Symptoms include rapid weight loss, recurring fever, persistent fatigue, and night sweats.
Gender-Based Violence and HIV:
Women and girls in Pakistan are particularly vulnerable to HIV due to the prevalence of gender-based violence, which increases the risk of infection. The intersection of violence and the AIDS epidemic underscores the need for integrated strategies to combat both crises.
The stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS exacerbates the challenges faced by those living with the virus, contributing to depression, anxiety, and social isolation. Societal prejudices often lead to self-stigmatization, making it difficult for individuals to maintain a positive outlook on life.
Social activist Aqsa Kanwal, emphasizes the importance of this year’s 16 Days of Activism in addressing HIV stigma. She advocates for prioritizing HIV testing for individuals with symptoms, particularly when their health deteriorates.
Further, she suggests routine HIV testing alongside regular health checkups for conditions like diabetes and blood pressure.
Kanwal also recommends biannual HIV testing for asymptomatic individuals and mandatory testing for those planning to marry. With self-testing kits now available, she stresses the importance of proactive measures to protect new families and prevent avoidable harm.
Joshua Dilawar, a sexual and reproductive health advocate, highlights the need for increased awareness about the AIDS crisis during the 16 Days of Activism. He calls for policies that safeguard the health and rights of those affected, including expanded access to HIV testing and treatment, promotion of safe sex practices, and support for survivors of gender-based violence.
The intersection of gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS demands comprehensive solutions. By creating safe spaces, providing emotional and mental support, and empowering women to make informed health decisions, Pakistan can break the cycle of harm.
As a society, it is our collective responsibility to support those living with HIV/AIDS and advocate for their rights. Together, we can build a future free from violence and the shadow of HIV—a future where women and girls can thrive in safety and health.
Let us unite to shine a light on the AIDS crisis, confront stigma, and push for meaningful change. By standing together, we can foster a healthier and more equitable society.
About author: Naina Samson is a Christian Women Activist and Psychologist.
This article is both enlightening and inspiring. The 16-day mission highlights an urgent issue that deserves our collective attention—combating HIV and ensuring the protection and empowerment of women. It’s heartening to see efforts that bridge awareness with action. Thank you for shedding light on such a crucial topic!