By: Luqman Ahmad Khan
As 2024 progresses, Pakistan stands at a pivotal moment in its international relations, navigating complex challenges shaped by regional dynamics, shifting global power structures, and significant domestic issues. Its strategic location in South Asia, bordering major powers like India, China, and Afghanistan, continues to influence its foreign policy choices. This article delves into the key aspects of Pakistan’s international relations in 2024, focusing on its partnerships, challenges, and geopolitical environment.
1. India-Pakistan Relations
The enduring conflict between India and Pakistan remains a central issue in the region. As of 2024, the relationship continues to be strained by historical grievances, territorial disputes—particularly over Kashmir—and frequent tensions along the Line of Control (LoC).
Although there have been recent attempts at dialogue facilitated by international actors, no substantial progress has been achieved due to political deadlock and intense domestic opposition in both countries. The deployment of troops along the border and the rise of nationalist rhetoric have further complicated the peace process.
Global energy dynamics have also influenced regional tensions. While the United States remains a key ally of India, it continues to engage with Pakistan, recognizing its strategic role in Afghanistan and its close partnership with China. The West’s focus on South Asia—particularly on Afghanistan’s stability—has heightened concerns over the possibility of a broader regional conflict.
2. Pakistan-China Relations: A Strategic Partnership
In stark contrast to its ties with India, Pakistan has deepened its relationship with China. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship project under China’s Belt and Road Initiative, remains a cornerstone of bilateral relations. In 2024, investments in infrastructure, energy, and technology under CPEC continue to position Pakistan as a critical hub for regional connectivity.
The partnership goes beyond economics, extending to military cooperation. China’s supply of military technology and its defense collaboration with Pakistan serve as a counterbalance to India’s military strength. Joint military exercises and expanded cooperation in counterterrorism and maritime security underscore their shared interests in countering Indian influence in the region.
However, challenges persist. Pakistan’s ongoing economic difficulties raise concerns about its ability to fully benefit from CPEC investments. Critics have pointed to the country’s growing debt dependence on China and local disputes over the fairness of certain agreements, which have sparked domestic discontent.
3. Regional Challenges: Afghanistan and Central Asia
Afghanistan remains a key concern for Pakistan, particularly after the Taliban’s return to power. While religious ties between the two nations exist, Pakistan is apprehensive about a potential security vacuum in Afghanistan, which could lead to insurgency and spillover conflicts. Pakistan has sought to engage with the Taliban, but the group’s restrictive policies pose significant challenges to diplomatic progress.
Meanwhile, Pakistan has increased its engagement with Central Asian states, aiming to enhance trade and connectivity between South and Central Asia. Energy security has emerged as a priority, with Pakistan seeking to diversify its sources while strengthening economic ties with the region.
Developments in Afghanistan in 2024 are also shaping Pakistan’s relationships with other regional players, such as Iran. By promoting economic and social cooperation, Pakistan aims to maintain stable ties with its neighbors to bolster both security and trade.
4. Relations with the United States and Western Powers
Pakistan’s relations with the United States have historically oscillated between cooperation and tension, and 2024 is no exception. Washington continues to value Islamabad’s role in counterterrorism and its logistical support for stabilizing Afghanistan. Pakistan’s contributions to peace talks have drawn praise, although the U.S. continues to press Islamabad for greater2024 accountability on human rights and governance issues.
Pakistan’s balancing act between maintaining strong ties with both the United States and China has become increasingly evident. As Washington seeks closer ties with India to counter China’s rise, Islamabad finds itself navigating a complex diplomatic landscape that requires careful management of its alliances.
5. Economic Diplomacy and Global Organizations
Amid economic challenges exacerbated by internal instability and external pressures, Pakistan has actively worked to reposition itself within the global economic framework. Initiatives to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and boost trade partnerships are part of Islamabad’s strategy to stabilize its economy.
Participation in organizations like the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) provides Pakistan with a platform to advocate for Muslim causes, including Kashmir, while enhancing its global image. Simultaneously, Pakistan’s involvement in the United Nations and other international forums reflects its commitment to addressing global issues like climate change and sustainable development, which are central to its diplomatic agenda.
In 2024, Pakistan’s foreign policy is defined by a delicate balance of challenges and opportunities. Its relationships with neighboring countries, strategic alliances, and major global powers all contribute to shaping its diplomatic trajectory.
Faced with conflicting interests, Pakistan must preserve its sovereignty while addressing regional and global developments. The coming years will test Islamabad’s diplomatic acumen as it seeks to secure peace, economic stability, and international cooperation in an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape. Success will require a pragmatic and well-informed approach to navigate these turbulent waters.
